The classification of lymphomas is essential because it determines treatment and prognosis. There are two main types of lymphomas:
- B lymphomas
- T lymphomas
A complete list of lymphoma histologies can be found on the platform. This information can be found in the pathophysiological report.
Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Hodgkin lymphoma accounts for 10% of all lymphomas.
B-cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that develops from B cells. B cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune response. Treatment varies according to the specific subtype of B-cell lymphoma and its stage.
Aggressive B-cell lymphoma is characterized by rapid growth of tumor cells. These lymphomas account for about a third of diagnosed non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
In particular, we find:
A complete list can be found on the platform.
Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) tends to develop very slowly and patients usually only show symptoms at an advanced stage of the disease.
In particular, we find:
A complete list can be found on the platform.
T-cell lymphoma is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that develops from T cells. T cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a role in the immune response. They are rarer than B-cell lymphomas. Treatment varies according to the specific subtype of T-cell lymphoma.
A biomarker, also called in some cases a genetic mutation, is a measurable biological characteristic linked to a normal or non-normal process.
In oncology, among biomarkers, certain abnormalities (often mutations in a gene) can predict the action of a targeted drug.
This information can be found on the Molecular Biology Report (or NGS) or a consultation report.
Examples in hematology:
A complete list of biomarkers can be found on the platform.
Skin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system that affects the skin.
Cutaneous lymphomas are rare. There are various types of cutaneous lymphomas but they are generally classified into primary cutaneous lymphoma B and primary cutaneous lymphoma T.
An autograft, also known as an autologous stem cell transplant, is a procedure in which hematopoietic stem cells are taken from the patient himself and reinjected after prior treatment. Unlike allograft, which uses stem cells from a compatible donor, autotransplantation uses the patient's own stem cells. An autograft is used in the treatment of certain types of lymphoma, in order to allow the administration of higher doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy than would be possible with conventional treatments.
Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses powerful drugs to destroy cancer cells by stopping them from multiplying or spreading in the body. Chemotherapy medications can be given intravenously (into a vein), orally (as tablets or capsules), or by subcutaneous injection (under the skin).
Chemotherapy may be used alone or in combination with other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy, depending on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. While chemotherapy can be very effective in destroying cancer cells, it can also damage healthy cells, leading to side effects such as hair loss, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and suppression of the immune system.
In lymphomas, among the chemotherapies used, we find in particular:
Radiation therapy consists in using radiation (also called rays or radiation) to destroy cancer cells by blocking their ability to multiply. We are talking about a locoregional treatment of cancers.
Immunotherapy is a treatment that aims to stimulate the body's immune defenses against cancer cells. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in a large number of cancers, even if its tolerance is marked by a specific toxicity profile linked to the reactivation of the immune system.
Examples include checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) and CAR-T therapy, where the patient's T cells are genetically modified to better fight cancer.
Targeted therapy is a drug treatment that specifically targets genetic or molecular abnormalities or alterations present in cancer cells or other diseased cells.
Unlike conventional treatments such as chemotherapy that acts on all cells in the body, targeted therapies work more selectively, by blocking or inhibiting specific proteins involved in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells or in other diseases.
Targeted therapies are often used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. They are being used more and more in the treatment of cancer.
In the context of lymphoma, among the targeted therapies used, we find in particular:
