Histology is the set of characteristics of cancerous tissue, determined under the microscope by anatomopathological examine.This information can be found on the anatomopathological report or on a consultation report.It is essential to indicate histology among the proposed list because some may allow access to clinical trials and targeted medicines.There are several histological subtypes:
(complete list on the Klineo platform)
A biomarker, also called in some cases a genetic mutation, is a measurable biological characteristic linked to a normal or non-normal process.
In oncology, among biomarkers, certain abnormalities (often mutations) at the level of a gene can predict the action of a targeted drug.
This information can be found on the Molecular Biology Report (or NGS) or a consultation report.
Example in senology: Hormonal Receptors (RH), HER2, HER2, BRCA, HRD, PDL-1, PIK3CA...
Hormone-positive breast cancer is a type of cancer that is stimulated by hormones, also known as hormone-dependent or hormone-sensitive cancer. This type of cancer has hormone receptors, such as estrogen receptors (RO) or progesterone receptors (RP), that stimulate the growth of cancer cells. Hormonal treatment can help to slow or stop the development of these cancers.
The presence of more than 10% of estrogen receptors (RO) or progesterone (RP) receptors on the anatomopathological report confirms the diagnosis of hormone-positive breast cancer.
HER2 positive breast cancer is a type of cancer that has a high expression of HER2, a cell surface protein that is involved in normal cell growth and survival.
I check HER2 “positive” (HER2+) if overexpression of HER2:
An anti-HER2 treatment then makes it possible to slow or stop the development of these cancers. This information can be found on the pathologic report or on a consultation report.
HER2-low breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that has low expression of the HER2 protein gene. This means that cancer cells have few or no HER2 receptors on their surface, compared to HER2-positive breast cancers that have high HER2 expression.
I check HER2 “low” (HER2-low) If:
Unlike HER2-positive cancers, anti-HER2 targeted therapies may not be effective for HER2-low breast cancers. With the help of Klineo, other treatments exist, in particular through clinical trials.
Triple-negative breast cancer is a type of breast cancer that does not have hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone) or overexpression of the HER2 gene. This means that cancer cells do not respond to hormonal treatments or targeted anti-HER2 therapies.
Other treatments exist, in particular through clinical trials. The Klineo platform currently offers more than 90 clinical trials for patients with triple negative breast cancer.
For more information, you can consult the site of Collective Triplettes Roses.
Breast cancer can also have other genetic mutations (also called biomarkers).
It is essential to indicate them if this is the case because some may allow access to clinical trials and targeted drugs. This information can be found on the Molecular Biology Report (or NGS) or a consultation report.
In particular, breast cancer seeks:
(complete list on the Klineo platform)
The TNM score is a classification system used to assess the stage of a cancer, plan treatment, and predict prognosis.
The TNM system is based on three main criteria:
(see table below)
This information can be found on the pathologic report or a consultation report.
NB: On the platform it is a simplified version of the TNM stadium. In the search fields, only the first number following the letter must be selected (ex: “Pt1c N0i+ M0” = “T1N0M0”)
TNM breast cancer classification chart
The stage of breast cancer is based on a correspondence to the TNM score (see above), which is a system used to describe the extent of cancer spread. There are 5 different stages (0 to IV). The correspondence table below summarizes the different stages according to the TNM score.
It is essential to indicate the stage in order to access clinical trials and targeted drugs. This information can be found on the pathologic report or a consultation report.
Chemotherapy is a treatment that uses powerful drugs to destroy cancer cells by stopping them from multiplying or spreading in the body. Chemotherapy medications can be given intravenously (into a vein), orally (as tablets or capsules), or by subcutaneous injection (under the skin).
Chemotherapy may be used alone or in combination with other treatments such as surgery or radiation therapy, depending on the type and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health. While chemotherapy can be very effective in destroying cancer cells, it can also damage healthy cells, leading to side effects such as hair loss, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and suppression of the immune system.
In the context of breast cancer, chemotherapy drugs that are often used are:
(complete list on the Klineo platform)
Radiation therapy consists in using radiation (also called rays or radiation) to destroy cancer cells by blocking their ability to multiply. We are talking about a locoregional treatment of cancers.
Immunotherapy is a treatment that aims to stimulate the body's immune defenses against cancer cells. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in a large number of cancers, even if its tolerance is marked by a specific toxicity profile linked to the reactivation of the immune system.
In the context of breast cancer, the immunotherapies that are often used are:
(complete list on the Klineo platform)
Hormonal therapy is a drug treatment used in the treatment of breast cancer and other types of cancers that are hormone dependent. Hormonal therapy involves the use of medications that block the effects of hormones in the body, especially estrogen and/or progesterone in women.
In the context of breast cancer, the hormonal therapies that are often used are:
(complete list on the Klineo platform)
Targeted therapy is a drug treatment that specifically targets genetic or molecular abnormalities or alterations present in cancer cells or other diseased cells.
Unlike conventional treatments such as chemotherapy that act on all cells in the body, targeted therapies work more selectively, by blocking or inhibiting specific proteins involved in the growth and proliferation of cancer cells or in other diseases.
Targeted therapies are often used in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. They are being used more and more in the treatment of cancer.
In the context of breast cancer, targeted therapies that are often used are:
(complete list on the Klineo platform)
